Sotalol (Sotalol Hydrochloride)

Sotalol is a medication used to treat certain types of heart disease. It is a human medication that a veterinarian may prescribe off-label for dogs and cats. It may be prescribed to manage heart conditions such as heart arrhythmias (rapid or irregular heartbeats e.g. atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia). Depending on your pet's specific needs, it may be used alone or in combination with other medications.

Sotalol is classified as an antiarrhythmic and a beta-blocker. Sotalol works to normalise the heart rate and maintain a regular rhythm. It functions by blocking potassium channels in the heart, which helps prolong the time needed for the heart to reset its electrical activity, thereby preventing abnormal rhythms. Additionally, as a beta-blocker, it slows down the heart rate.

Follow your veterinarian’s instructions and give as directed. It is often started at a low dose and gradually increased. It is typically advised to administer sotalol on an empty stomach, over one hour before, or two hours after feeding. If vomiting occurs when given on an empty stomach, give it with a small amount of food to settle the stomach. However, if vomiting persists, contact your veterinarian.

Missed Dose:

If you miss a dose, give it when you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and give the next dose at the scheduled time. Do not double the dose or exceed the maximum stated dose in a 24-hour period.

Overdose:

Sotalol overdose can be serious and requires immediate veterinary attention. Symptoms of overdose may include panting, a very slow heart rate, vomiting, low blood pressure, heart failure, difficulty breathing, collapse, and low blood sugar.

If you suspect an overdose, contact your veterinarian or the New Zealand National Poisons Centre at www.poisons.co.nz/animal-helpline/ or call 0800 869 738.

Conditions where Sotalol might not be appropriate include:

• Asthma
• Uncontrolled congestive heart failure (CHF)
• Known hypersensitivity to Sotalol

Use with Caution:

• Diabetes (especially uncontrolled diabetes)
• Kidney disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Pregnant or lactating pets should also be discussed with your veterinarian as the safety of Sotalol in these cases is not fully established.

Some pets may experience side effects such as:

• Lethargy
• Weakness
• Fainting
• Loss of balance
• Decreased appetite
• Vomiting

It's important to monitor your pet and consult your veterinarian if side effects occur.

Store Sotalol at controlled room temperatures in a tightly closed container to protect it from moisture and light. For safety keep it out of reach of children and pets.

Regular check-ups are crucial for monitoring your pet's response to Sotalol. Your vet may recommend heart scans or ECG monitoring.

What is Sotalol used for in dogs and cats?

• Sotalol is prescribed to treat certain types of arrhythmias and rapid heart rates.

How long does it take for Sotalol to work?

• This will vary depending on your pet, however, the effects of Sotalol should begin within a few hours, but visible changes may not be immediate. Regular veterinary assessments are necessary.

How much Sotalol can my pet take?

• The appropriate dose depends on your pet’s specific needs, including age, weight, breed, and other medications. Your veterinarian will determine the right dosage.