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Amitriptyline (Amitriptyline Hydrochloride)

Written by Dr. Feargus McConnell, BVSc on the Jan.16, 2024

Petdirect is dedicated to providing educational pet health content for pet parents. This article was written and reviewed by veterinary professionals to answer common questions about your pet’s medication. Our focus is on delivering unbiased information to help you understand how medication works, its potential side effects, and FAQs for your reference. Always administer medication directly as prescribed by your vet. This article shouldn’t take the place of advice from your vet.

What is Amitriptyline?

Amitriptyline, a type of tricyclic antidepressant, is often prescribed for behavioural issues in dogs and cats. These issues include anxiety disorders in dogs, chronic pain in both dogs and cats, and various behaviour disorders in cats. This prescribed medication is available in different strengths. It is sometimes used to treat nerve pain in pets.

It's vital to understand that behaviour-modifying medications like Amitriptyline are most effective when combined with behaviour modification techniques, and training, in consultation with a veterinarian or a certified trainer. Treatment might also involve additional medications, daily routine adjustments, environmental changes, and supplements.

How does it work?

Amitriptyline functions by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine, neurotransmitters in the brain. These chemicals play a crucial role in regulating mood, behaviour, motivation, and cognition. Amitriptyline's role in increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters helps in moderating your pet’s mood and behaviour.

Dose and Administration

Follow your veterinarian’s instructions for dosing. Typically, Amitriptyline is administered once or twice daily, and it can be given with or without food. It may take several days or weeks of treatment to determine if treatment is effective for your pet. If discontinuing the medication, it’s important to do so gradually, following your vet’s weaning instructions.

Contraindications and Precautions

Do not use a flea collar while giving Amitriptyline without first consulting your veterinarian. Amitriptyline can interact with other medications like SSRIs or sedatives, potentially leading to serotonin syndrome. Symptoms include vomiting, seizures, and difficulty breathing. In case of an overdose, symptoms like lethargy and incoordination may occur. Immediately contact your veterinarian or the New Zealand National Poisons Centre at www.poisons.co.nz/animal-helpline/ or phone 0800 869 738.

Potential Side Effects

Side effects in pets may include:

  • Constipation
  • Urine retention
  • Vomiting and diarrhoea
  • Excessive sleepiness or excitability
  • Seizures
  • Changes in heart rhythm
  • Lethargy (in cats)
  • Drooling and loss of appetite (in cats)
  • Unkempt hair coat (in cats)

Storage

Store Amitriptyline at controlled room temperatures, away from moisture and light. Follow specific storage instructions on the label or as guided by your veterinarian.

Monitoring

Your veterinarian might suggest regular monitoring or tests while your pet is on this medication, tailored to your pet’s unique situation, any other medications they're taking, and the initial problem that led to the prescription of this drug.

Contact your veterinarian if:

  • Your pet exhibits serious side effects (refer to the list above).
  • There's no improvement or a decline in your pet’s condition during treatment.
  • You suspect or observe symptoms of an overdose.
  • You have further inquiries or worries about administering amitriptyline.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How long does Amitriptyline take to work on pets?

  • Amitriptyline starts acting within hours, but it may take several weeks to observe positive behavioural changes.

What is the dosage for dogs and cats?

  • The dosage depends on the specific behavioural issue and may vary. Always consult with your veterinarian.

Can Amitriptyline help with anxiety in dogs?

  • It may be beneficial, especially when used alongside a behaviour modification program.

Conclusion

Amitriptyline is a significant medication in the management of behavioural disorders in cats and dogs. However, it is crucial to use this medication under the guidance of a veterinarian and as part of a broader treatment plan that includes behaviour modification. For more information or assistance, always consult your veterinarian.